Protective effect of O-phenanthroline against mechlorethamine toxicity in the rat liver slice system and in the guinea pig skin

The effect of O-phenanthroline (OP) on mechlorethamine hydrochloride (HN2) toxicity was studied in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Incubation of HN2 with the in vitro rat liver slice system resulted in leakage of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a time-dependent manner. Exposure of the slices to HN2 for 4 h caused 79.2% ALT leakage. In the presence of OP enzyme leakage was reduced to 28.7%. OP-induced protection was shown to be dose dependent. Other metal chelators such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) had a weak effect on HN2 cytotoxicity. The protective activity of OP was also demonstrated in in vivo skin toxicity studies in the guinea pig. The ulcerative effect of topically applied HN2 was inhibited by OP even when applied 10 min following the alkylator. Histology of NH2-treated skin showed epidermal ulceration associated with a covering layer of encrusted exudate. However, only a slight diffuse acanthosis of the epidermal layer was observed when OP was applied 10 min after the vesicant. It is suggested that OP may be used for the prevention of tissue damage caused by antineoplastic treatment with nitrogen mustard. It might also be employed in military medicine as an antidote to the chemical weapon sulfur mustard.