Qualitative analysis of phospholipids and their oxidised derivatives–used techniques and examples of their applications related to lipidomic research and food analysis

Karol Parchem*, Shlomo Sasson, Carla Ferreri, Agnieszka Bartoszek

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Phospholipids (PLs) are important biomolecules that not only constitute structural building blocks and scaffolds of cell and organelle membranes but also play a vital role in cell biochemistry and physiology. Moreover, dietary exogenous PLs are characterised by high nutritional value and other beneficial health effects, which are confirmed by numerous epidemiological studies. For this reason, PLs are of high interest in lipidomics that targets both the analysis of membrane lipid distribution as well as correlates composition of lipids with their effects on functioning of cells, tissues and organs. Lipidomic assessments follow-up the changes occurring in living organisms, such as free radical attack and oxidative modifications of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) build in PL structures. Oxidised PLs (oxPLs) can be generated exogenously and supplied to organisms with processed food or formed endogenously as a result of oxidative stress. Cellular and tissue oxPLs can be a biomarker predictive of the development of numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis or neuroinflammation. Therefore, suitable high-throughput analytical techniques, which enable comprehensive analysis of PL molecules in terms of the structure of hydrophilic group, fatty acid (FA) composition and oxidative modifications of FAs, have been currently developed. This review addresses all aspects of PL analysis, including lipid isolation, chromatographic separation of PL classes and species, as well as their detection. The bioinformatic tools that enable handling of a large amount of data generated during lipidomic analysis are also discussed. In addition, imaging techniques such as confocal microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging for analysis of cellular lipid maps, including membrane PLs, are presented.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1068-1100
Number of pages33
JournalFree Radical Research
Volume53
Issue numbersup1
DOIs
StatePublished - 12 Aug 2019

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Keywords

  • Bioinformatics
  • imaging techniques
  • LC-MS
  • lipidomics
  • oxidised phospholipids
  • phospholipids

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