TY - GEN
T1 - Quantum bit escrow
AU - Aharonov, Dorit
AU - Ta-Shma, Amnon
AU - Vazirani, Umesh V.
AU - Yao, Andrew C.
PY - 2000
Y1 - 2000
N2 - Unconditionally secure bit commitment and coin flipping are known to be impossible in the classical world. Bit commitment is known to be impossible also in the quantum world. We introduce a related new primitive - quantum bit escrow. In this primitive Alice commits to a bit b to Bob. The commitment is bindingin the sense that if Alice is asked to reveal the bit, Alice can not bias her commitment without having a good probability of being detected cheating. The commitment is sealing in the sense that if Bob learns information about the encoded bit, then if later on he is asked to prove he was playing honestly, he is detected cheating with a good probability. Rigorously proving the correctness of quantum cryptographic protocols has proved to be a difficult task. We develop techniques to prove quantitative statements about the binding and sealing properties of the quantum bit escrow protocol. A related primitive we construct is a quantum biased coin flipping protocol where no player can control the game, i.e., even an all-powerful cheating player must lose with some constant probability, which stands in sharp contrast to the classical world where such protocols are impossible.
AB - Unconditionally secure bit commitment and coin flipping are known to be impossible in the classical world. Bit commitment is known to be impossible also in the quantum world. We introduce a related new primitive - quantum bit escrow. In this primitive Alice commits to a bit b to Bob. The commitment is bindingin the sense that if Alice is asked to reveal the bit, Alice can not bias her commitment without having a good probability of being detected cheating. The commitment is sealing in the sense that if Bob learns information about the encoded bit, then if later on he is asked to prove he was playing honestly, he is detected cheating with a good probability. Rigorously proving the correctness of quantum cryptographic protocols has proved to be a difficult task. We develop techniques to prove quantitative statements about the binding and sealing properties of the quantum bit escrow protocol. A related primitive we construct is a quantum biased coin flipping protocol where no player can control the game, i.e., even an all-powerful cheating player must lose with some constant probability, which stands in sharp contrast to the classical world where such protocols are impossible.
KW - quantum bit commitment
KW - quantum coin tossing
KW - quantum cryptography
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033717559&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/335305.335404
DO - 10.1145/335305.335404
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AN - SCOPUS:0033717559
SN - 1581131844
SN - 9781581131840
T3 - Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing
SP - 705
EP - 714
BT - Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC 2000
T2 - 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC 2000
Y2 - 21 May 2000 through 23 May 2000
ER -