TY - JOUR
T1 - Quite free complicated abelian groups, pcf and black boxes
AU - Shelah, Saharon
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - We would like to build Abelian groups (or R-modules) which on the one hand are quite free, say ℵω+1-free, and on the other hand are complicated in a suitable sense. We choose as our test problem one having no nontrivial homomorphism to ℤ (known classically for ℵ1-free, recently for ℵn-free). We succeed to prove the existence of even ℵω1⋅n-free ones. This requires building n-dimensional black boxes, which are quite free. This combinatorics is of self interest and we believe will be useful also for other purposes. On the other hand, modulo suitable large cardinals, we prove that it is consistent that every ℵω1⋅ω-free Abelian group has non-trivial homomorphisms to ℤ.
AB - We would like to build Abelian groups (or R-modules) which on the one hand are quite free, say ℵω+1-free, and on the other hand are complicated in a suitable sense. We choose as our test problem one having no nontrivial homomorphism to ℤ (known classically for ℵ1-free, recently for ℵn-free). We succeed to prove the existence of even ℵω1⋅n-free ones. This requires building n-dimensional black boxes, which are quite free. This combinatorics is of self interest and we believe will be useful also for other purposes. On the other hand, modulo suitable large cardinals, we prove that it is consistent that every ℵω1⋅ω-free Abelian group has non-trivial homomorphisms to ℤ.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090220301&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11856-020-2051-7
DO - 10.1007/s11856-020-2051-7
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AN - SCOPUS:85090220301
SN - 0021-2172
VL - 240
SP - 1
EP - 64
JO - Israel Journal of Mathematics
JF - Israel Journal of Mathematics
IS - 1
ER -