Renal denervation prevents sodium retention and hypertension in salt-sensitive rabbits with genetic baroreflex impairment

Marta Weinstock*, Elena Gorodetsky, Ronald Kalman

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

1. Rabbits with a genetic impairment in baroreflex control of heart rate become hypertensive on a high salt diet. The present study determined the effect of bilateral renal denervation on blood pressure and sodium balance after salt loading (four times normal intake; 28-36 mEq NaCl/day) in normotensive rabbits with high (Group I) and low (Group II) baroreflex sensitivity, respectively. 2. Eight rabbits in each group were denervated or sham-denervated 1 week before commencement of the high salt diet. Before operation, the two groups differed only in the gain of their cardiac baroreflex (Group I, -6.4 ± 0.4 beats min-1 mmHg-1; Group II, -3.2 ± 0.15 beats min-1 mmHg-1). 3. In Group I sham-denervated rabbits, mean arterial pressure remained unchanged, and plasma renin activity and heart rate fell significantly in response to the high salt. In Group II sham-denervated rabbits, mean arterial pressure increased by 10.6 ± 1.2 mmHg, and heart rate and plasma renin activity remained unchanged. Their cumulative Na+ retention and weight gain was more than twice that of Group I sham-denervated rabbits. 4. Renal denervation decreased plasma renin activity in both groups to < 1 pmol Ang I h-1 ml-1, lowered cumulative Na+ retention from 102 ± 4 to 35 ± 5 mEq (P < 0.01) and completely prevented the increase in mean arterial pressure in response to high salt in Group II. 5. The results suggest that Group II rabbits retain salt and fluid in response to their diet because of an abnormality in their control of renal nerve activity, possibly via vagal afferents. This results in blood pressure elevation because of an inability to lower peripheral resistance and heart rate in response to the increase in cardiac output. 6. Since they display several of the characteristics of salt-sensitive hypertensive humans, i.e. salt retention, normal plasma renin activity, but abnormal regulation of plasma renin activity and blood flow in response to salt loading, Group II are an appropriate model of human salt-induced hypertension.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)287-293
Number of pages7
JournalClinical Science
Volume90
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - 1996
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors
  • Conscious rabbits
  • High salt intake
  • Plasma renin activity
  • Renal sympathetic nerves
  • Sodium excretion

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