Rituals, roles, and realities: A conceptual framework for maternal occupational identity in faith-based minority contexts

Background: Maternal occupational identity is shaped by sociocultural values, spiritual worldviews, and systemic structures. However, these influences are often underrepresented in existing occupational science models, particularly for women in traditional, faith-based communities. Objective: This article presents a conceptual framework to support a more culturally responsive understanding of maternal occupational identity in structured religious contexts. Method: The framework was developed through reflective thematic synthesis of two qualitative studies with ultra-Orthodox Jewish mothers, triangulated with conceptual insights from relevant literature and theoretical perspectives, including occupational identity theory, role theory, and occupational justice, and further examined in relation to the Model of Human Occupation and the Kawa Model. Findings: The framework comprises five interrelated domains: (1) Spiritual Meaning and Obligation, (2) Communal Structures and Expectations, (3) Family Dynamics and Resources, (4) Health and Well-being Outcomes, and (5) Negotiation and Adaptation. Conclusion: While preliminary, this framework offers a foundation for exploring how maternal occupational identity is shaped within religious and communal environments. It invites further research and culturally sensitive practice that acknowledge diverse maternal experiences.