TY - JOUR
T1 - Selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests, bony orbit anatomy, and ocular histology in sambar deer (Rusa unicolor)
AU - Oriá, Arianne P.
AU - Gomes Junior, Deusdete C.
AU - Oliveira, Alberto Vinícius D.
AU - Curvelo, Victor P.
AU - Estrela-Lima, Alessandra
AU - Pinna, Melissa H.
AU - Meneses, Íris D.S.
AU - Filho, Emanoel F.M.
AU - Ofri, Ron
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for diagnostic ophthalmic tests in sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) as well as to describe the most relevant features of the bony orbital anatomy and ocular histology. Method: Twenty healthy animals, free living in a forest reserve, that were captured for clinical evaluation as part of a health survey were evaluated. Schirmer tear test-1 (STT1), conjunctival microbiota, intraocular pressure (IOP), conjunctival cytology, anatomy of the bony orbit, and ocular histology were studied. Results: Mean ± SD STT1 and IOP values were 18.8 ± 4.7 mm and 11.4 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. IOP was significantly higher in adult (4-8 years) animals (P = 0.04). Bacterial growth was present in 100% of the samples, with a prevalence for Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. The conjunctival cytology revealed predominance of columnar epithelial cells with mild pigmentation. The sambar deer orbit is completely encompassed by bone. The ocular histology was very similar to most mammalians. Conclusions: The findings in this study will be useful in the diagnosis of ocular diseases in Rusa unicolor.
AB - Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for diagnostic ophthalmic tests in sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) as well as to describe the most relevant features of the bony orbital anatomy and ocular histology. Method: Twenty healthy animals, free living in a forest reserve, that were captured for clinical evaluation as part of a health survey were evaluated. Schirmer tear test-1 (STT1), conjunctival microbiota, intraocular pressure (IOP), conjunctival cytology, anatomy of the bony orbit, and ocular histology were studied. Results: Mean ± SD STT1 and IOP values were 18.8 ± 4.7 mm and 11.4 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. IOP was significantly higher in adult (4-8 years) animals (P = 0.04). Bacterial growth was present in 100% of the samples, with a prevalence for Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. The conjunctival cytology revealed predominance of columnar epithelial cells with mild pigmentation. The sambar deer orbit is completely encompassed by bone. The ocular histology was very similar to most mammalians. Conclusions: The findings in this study will be useful in the diagnosis of ocular diseases in Rusa unicolor.
KW - Bacterial flora
KW - Conjunctival cytology
KW - Intraocular pressure
KW - Ocular histology
KW - Orbit
KW - Schirmer tear test
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84921551037&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/vop.12221
DO - 10.1111/vop.12221
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C2 - 25273613
AN - SCOPUS:84921551037
SN - 1463-5216
VL - 18
SP - 125
EP - 131
JO - Veterinary Ophthalmology
JF - Veterinary Ophthalmology
IS - s1
ER -