Side by Side Battery Technologies with Lithium-Ion Based Batteries

In recent years, the electrochemical power sources community has launched massive research programs, conferences, and workshops on the “post Li battery era.” However, in this report it is shown that the quest for post Li-ion and Li battery technologies is incorrect in its essence. This is the outcome of a three day discussion on the future technologies that could provide an answer to a question that many ask these days: Which are the technologies that can be regarded as alternative to Li-ion batteries? The answer to this question is a rather surprising one: Li-ion battery technology will be here for many years to come, and therefore the use of “post Li-ion” battery technologies would be misleading. However, there are applications with needs for which Li-ion batteries will not be able to provide complete technological solutions, as well as lower cost and sustainability. In these specific cases, other battery technologies will play a key role. Here, the term “side-by-side technologies” is coined alongside a discussion of its meaning. The progress report does not cover the topic of Li-metal battery technologies, but covers the technologies of sodium-ion, multivalent, metal–air, and flow batteries.