Single-cell expression analyses during cellular reprogramming reveal an early stochastic and a late hierarchic phase

Yosef Buganim; Dina A. Faddah; Albert W. Cheng; Elena Itskovich; Styliani Markoulaki; Kibibi Ganz; Sandy L. Klemm; Alexander Van Oudenaarden; Rudolf Jaenisch

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.023

Single-cell expression analyses during cellular reprogramming reveal an early stochastic and a late hierarchic phase

Yosef Buganim, Dina A. Faddah, Albert W. Cheng, Elena Itskovich, Styliani Markoulaki, Kibibi Ganz, Sandy L. Klemm, Alexander Van Oudenaarden, Rudolf Jaenisch^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

664 Scopus citations

Abstract

During cellular reprogramming, only a small fraction of cells become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Previous analyses of gene expression during reprogramming were based on populations of cells, impeding single-cell level identification of reprogramming events. We utilized two gene expression technologies to profile 48 genes in single cells at various stages during the reprogramming process. Analysis of early stages revealed considerable variation in gene expression between cells in contrast to late stages. Expression of Esrrb, Utf1, Lin28, and Dppa2 is a better predictor for cells to progress into iPSCs than expression of the previously suggested reprogramming markers Fbxo15, Fgf4, and Oct4. Stochastic gene expression early in reprogramming is followed by a late hierarchical phase with Sox2 being the upstream factor in a gene expression hierarchy. Finally, downstream factors derived from the late phase, which do not include Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog, can activate the pluripotency circuitry.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1209-1222
Number of pages	14
Journal	Cell
Volume	150
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.023
State	Published - 14 Sep 2012
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Yarden Katz, Sovan Sarkar, Malkiel Cohen, Bryce Carey, and Jonathan Friedman for fruitful discussions, Patti Wisniewski and Chad Araneo for their help with cell sorting, and Stuart Levine for help with pilot Fluidigm experiments. Y.B. was supported by an NIH Kirschstein NRSA (1 F32 GM099153-01A1). D.A.F. is a Vertex Scholar and was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and Jerome and Florence Brill Graduate Student Fellowship. A.W.C. was supported by a Croucher and Ludwig Research Fellowship. R.J. is an adviser to Stemgent and cofounder of Fate Therapeutics. This work was supported by NIH grants HD 045022 and R37CA084198 to R.J. and the NIH/NCI Physical Sciences Oncology Center at MIT (U54CA143874) and a NIH Pioneer award (1DP1OD003936) to A.v.O.

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title = "Single-cell expression analyses during cellular reprogramming reveal an early stochastic and a late hierarchic phase",

abstract = "During cellular reprogramming, only a small fraction of cells become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Previous analyses of gene expression during reprogramming were based on populations of cells, impeding single-cell level identification of reprogramming events. We utilized two gene expression technologies to profile 48 genes in single cells at various stages during the reprogramming process. Analysis of early stages revealed considerable variation in gene expression between cells in contrast to late stages. Expression of Esrrb, Utf1, Lin28, and Dppa2 is a better predictor for cells to progress into iPSCs than expression of the previously suggested reprogramming markers Fbxo15, Fgf4, and Oct4. Stochastic gene expression early in reprogramming is followed by a late hierarchical phase with Sox2 being the upstream factor in a gene expression hierarchy. Finally, downstream factors derived from the late phase, which do not include Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog, can activate the pluripotency circuitry.",

author = "Yosef Buganim and Faddah, {Dina A.} and Cheng, {Albert W.} and Elena Itskovich and Styliani Markoulaki and Kibibi Ganz and Klemm, {Sandy L.} and {Van Oudenaarden}, Alexander and Rudolf Jaenisch",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Yarden Katz, Sovan Sarkar, Malkiel Cohen, Bryce Carey, and Jonathan Friedman for fruitful discussions, Patti Wisniewski and Chad Araneo for their help with cell sorting, and Stuart Levine for help with pilot Fluidigm experiments. Y.B. was supported by an NIH Kirschstein NRSA (1 F32 GM099153-01A1). D.A.F. is a Vertex Scholar and was supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and Jerome and Florence Brill Graduate Student Fellowship. A.W.C. was supported by a Croucher and Ludwig Research Fellowship. R.J. is an adviser to Stemgent and cofounder of Fate Therapeutics. This work was supported by NIH grants HD 045022 and R37CA084198 to R.J. and the NIH/NCI Physical Sciences Oncology Center at MIT (U54CA143874) and a NIH Pioneer award (1DP1OD003936) to A.v.O. ",

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Single-cell expression analyses during cellular reprogramming reveal an early stochastic and a late hierarchic phase

Abstract

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