Abstract
Deacetylases are a class of enzymes which remove the E-N-acetyl groups from lysine amino acids in histone and nonhistone targets. There are four classes of HDACs, with a distinct subgroup called sirtuins (HDAC class III) that rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their catalytic activity. The fact that most of the sirtuins require NAD+ for their deacetylase activity indicates that they are major energy-sensing proteins in cells and tissues with the potency to affect a plethora of biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes. These effects exerted by various sirtuins are discussed in this chapter, as well as the processes regulating NAD+ levels by de novo and salvage pathways. Finally, we elaborate on various agents that modulate salvage pathway enzymes and sirtuin activity, and their preclinical and clinical implications in health and disease.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Medical Epigenetics |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Pages | 633-664 |
Number of pages | 32 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780128239285 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Jan 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords
- Activators
- Inhibitors
- NAD
- NAMPT
- NMNAT
- Niacin
- Pathology
- Resveratrol
- Signaling
- Sirtuins