TY - JOUR
T1 - Small RNAs, Large Networks
T2 - Posttranscriptional Regulons in Gram-Negative Bacteria
AU - Papenfort, Kai
AU - Melamed, Sahar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/9/15
Y1 - 2023/9/15
N2 - Small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) are key mediators of posttranscriptional gene control in bacteria. Assisted by RNA-binding proteins, a single sRNA often modulates the expression of dozens of genes, and thus sRNAs frequently adopt central roles in regulatory networks. Posttranscriptional regulation by sRNAs comes with several unique features that cannot be achieved by transcriptional regulators. However, for optimal network performance, transcriptional and posttranscriptional control mechanisms typically go hand-in-hand. This view is reflected by the ever-growing class of mixed network motifs involving sRNAs and transcription factors, which are ubiquitous in biology and whose regulatory properties we are beginning to understand. In addition, sRNA activity can be antagonized by base-pairing with sponge RNAs, adding yet another layer of complexity to these networks. In this article, we summarize the regulatory concepts underlying sRNA-mediated gene control in bacteria and discuss how sRNAs shape the output of a network, focusing on several key examples.
AB - Small regulatory RNA (sRNAs) are key mediators of posttranscriptional gene control in bacteria. Assisted by RNA-binding proteins, a single sRNA often modulates the expression of dozens of genes, and thus sRNAs frequently adopt central roles in regulatory networks. Posttranscriptional regulation by sRNAs comes with several unique features that cannot be achieved by transcriptional regulators. However, for optimal network performance, transcriptional and posttranscriptional control mechanisms typically go hand-in-hand. This view is reflected by the ever-growing class of mixed network motifs involving sRNAs and transcription factors, which are ubiquitous in biology and whose regulatory properties we are beginning to understand. In addition, sRNA activity can be antagonized by base-pairing with sponge RNAs, adding yet another layer of complexity to these networks. In this article, we summarize the regulatory concepts underlying sRNA-mediated gene control in bacteria and discuss how sRNAs shape the output of a network, focusing on several key examples.
KW - Hfq
KW - gene networks
KW - regulatory motifs
KW - small RNA
KW - sponge RNA
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85164722512&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-025836
DO - 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-025836
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C2 - 36944261
AN - SCOPUS:85164722512
SN - 0066-4227
VL - 77
SP - 23
EP - 43
JO - Annual Review of Microbiology
JF - Annual Review of Microbiology
ER -