Spiegelbild, projektion, zerrbild: "Ostjuden" in der jüdischen kultur in Deutschland

Since the Enlightenment, the image of East European Jews, Ostjuden, has played a crucial role in German Jews' self-definition. Jews from Eastern Europe were considered backward. This backwardness seemed to endanger the German Jews' integration into modern society. Therefore, they repudiated the Ostjuden. At the same time, there emerged a sense of collective responsibility for their "weaker brethren". At the start of the 20th century, a positive countermyth was established. The unspoiled nature of the Ostjuden was turned into a cult. These clichés revealed more about the self-understanding of the German Jews than the reality of the Ostjuden.