Summary and conclusions

Taphonomic analysis of the fossil animal bones from two archaeological layers of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov (GBY) has enabled a comprehensive interpretation of the archaeological remains and sheds light on site-formation processes. We were able to reconstruct the environmental nature of the early Middle Pleistocene layers and the ecological background of the fauna, and to estimate their duration of accumulation, the possible occupation seasons, and the major agent responsible for the accumulation. Various aspects of hominin behavioral patterns could also be reconstructed, especially modes of animal exploitation and other subsistence traits. By studying and interpreting the various bone modifications found at the site, we were able to reconstruct aspects of site-formation processes. Combined with the study of the stone artifacts and other types of classes of evidence, a broad scenario as to the character of the site can be drawn and the site function discussed.