Suppression of both macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis and cytolytic factor production by a factor (CIF) derived from normal embryonic fibroblasts

We had previously established a murine bone marrow-derived cell line, designated JBMΦ1.1, which displayed properties of normal macrophages, including the ability to perform macrophage-mediated cytolysis. It was also found that these cells could be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce reproducibly high levels of a cytolytic factor (CF) resembling tumor necrosis factor (TNF). This cell line was therefore selected for further studies on macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis and CF production. Moreover, the CF production during incubation with LPS was higher in the absence of serum than in its presence, with a maximum at days 2-3 following the addition of LPS. A factor inhibitory to CF production (CIF) was detected in our laboratory in the supernatant of embryonic fibroblast cultures. We established the experimental conditions required for the optimal production and suppressive effect of CIF. High levels of CIF activity were obtained under conditions that promote fibroblast proliferation. Addition of embryonic fibroblast culture supernatant to the macrophages shortly before LPS suppressed both LPS-induced CF production and tumoricidal activity. CIF did not affect macrophage protein synthesis in the presence or absence of LPS. However, LPS-induced interleukin 1 release was partially (55%) suppressed by embryonic fibroblast culture supernatant. Our results show that CIF does not exert a general inactivating effect on the macrophages, although it may possibly affect other functions in addition to CF production and tumor cell lysis. The strong inhibition of both the latter properties further indicates that TNF-like CF is an important mediator in macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis.