TY - JOUR
T1 - The approximated cardiovascular reserve index complies with haemorrhage related hemodynamic deterioration pattern
T2 - A swine exsanguination model
AU - Nadler, Roy
AU - Glassberg, Elon
AU - Gabbay, Itay E.
AU - Wagnert-Avraham, Linn
AU - Yaniv, Gal
AU - Kushnir, David
AU - Eisenkraft, Arik
AU - Bobrovsky, Ben Zion
AU - Gabbay, Uri
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Background To estimate the cardiovascular reserve we formulated the Cardiovascular Reserve Index (CVRI) based on physiological measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of CVRI in haemorrhage-related haemodynamic deterioration in an animal model simulating combat injury. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from a research database of swine exsanguination model in which serial physiological measurements were made under anesthesia in 12 swine of haemorrhagic injury and 5 controls. We calculated the approximated CVRI (CVRIA). The course of haemodynamic deterioration was defined according to the cumulative blood loss until shock. The ability of heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and the CVRIA to predict haemodynamic deterioration was evaluated according to three criteria: strength of association with the course of haemodynamic deterioration (r2 > 0.5); threshold for haemodynamic deterioration detection; and range at which the parameter remained consistently monotonous course of deterioration. Results Three parameters met the first criterion for prediction of haemodynamic deterioration: HR (r2 = 0.59), SV (r2 = 0.57) and CVRIA (r2 = 0.66). Results were negative for MABP (r2 = 0.27), CO (r2 = 0.33) and SVR (r2 = 0.02). The detection threshold of the CVRIA was 200–300 ml blood loss whereas HR, SV and CO showed a delay in detection, MABP and CVRI exhibited a wide indicative range toward shock. Conclusions The CVRIA met preset criteria of a potential predictor of haemorrhage-related haemodynamic deterioration. Prospective studies are required to evaluate use of the CVRI in combat medicine. Level of evidence Level III.
AB - Background To estimate the cardiovascular reserve we formulated the Cardiovascular Reserve Index (CVRI) based on physiological measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of CVRI in haemorrhage-related haemodynamic deterioration in an animal model simulating combat injury. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from a research database of swine exsanguination model in which serial physiological measurements were made under anesthesia in 12 swine of haemorrhagic injury and 5 controls. We calculated the approximated CVRI (CVRIA). The course of haemodynamic deterioration was defined according to the cumulative blood loss until shock. The ability of heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and the CVRIA to predict haemodynamic deterioration was evaluated according to three criteria: strength of association with the course of haemodynamic deterioration (r2 > 0.5); threshold for haemodynamic deterioration detection; and range at which the parameter remained consistently monotonous course of deterioration. Results Three parameters met the first criterion for prediction of haemodynamic deterioration: HR (r2 = 0.59), SV (r2 = 0.57) and CVRIA (r2 = 0.66). Results were negative for MABP (r2 = 0.27), CO (r2 = 0.33) and SVR (r2 = 0.02). The detection threshold of the CVRIA was 200–300 ml blood loss whereas HR, SV and CO showed a delay in detection, MABP and CVRI exhibited a wide indicative range toward shock. Conclusions The CVRIA met preset criteria of a potential predictor of haemorrhage-related haemodynamic deterioration. Prospective studies are required to evaluate use of the CVRI in combat medicine. Level of evidence Level III.
KW - Cardio-Vascular Reserve Index (CVRI)
KW - Haemodynamic deterioration
KW - Haemorrhage
KW - Shock
KW - Swine model
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85008395394&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.12.052
DO - 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.12.052
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AN - SCOPUS:85008395394
SN - 2049-0801
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 7
JO - Annals of Medicine and Surgery
JF - Annals of Medicine and Surgery
ER -