The cell wall structure of a magnesium-dependent Halobacterium, Halobacterium volcanii CD-2, from the Dead Sea

Cell wall preparations from the magnesium-dependent halophilic bacterium, Halobacterium volcanii, were studied by high-resolution electron microscopy complemented with image analysis and processing. For ultrastructural studies, specimens were prepared by a variety of methods, including negative staining, and metal shadowing after air-drying, freeze-drying, or freeze-fracturing and etching. All methods revealed the cell wall to be composed of a near-hexagonal lattice of unit cells having a center-to-center spacing of 15.5 nm. While negatively stained samples yielded two types of stain exclusion patterns, termed "honeycomb" and "rosette," metal-shadowed specimens invariably revealed the unit cell to be composed of six protomers surrounding a central mass depression. This low-resolution unit cell morphology appears very similar to that of other bacterial cell wall S-layers studied to date.