TY - JOUR
T1 - The environmental footprint of Holocene societies
T2 - a multi-temporal study of trails in the Judean Desert, Israel
AU - Nir, Nadav
AU - Davidovich, Uri
AU - Ullman, Micka
AU - Schütt, Brigitta
AU - Stahlschmidt, Mareike C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Nir, Davidovich, Ullman, Schütt and Stahlschmidt.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - The global distribution of footpaths and their inferred antiquity implies that they are widespread spatial and temporal anthropogenic landscape units. Arid environments are of special interest for investigating historically used footpaths, as older routes may preserve better due to minimal modern impact and slower pedogenic processes. Here we examine footpaths in the Judean Desert of the southern Levant, a human hotspot throughout the Holocene. We studied one modern and two archaeological footpaths (one attributed to the Early Bronze Age and one to the Roman period) using micromorphology, bulk samples laboratory analysis, and remote sensing. Field observations and color analysis indicate that footpaths in the studied arid limestone environment can result in brighter surface color than their non-path surroundings. Similar color changes are reflected using both laboratory analysis and high-resolution remote sensing, where the difference is also significant. Microscopically, the footpaths studied tend to be less porous and with fewer biogenic activities when compared to their non-path controls. However, the two ancient footpaths studied do exhibit minimal indicators of biogenic activities that are not detectable in the modern footpath sample. Our study shows that high-resolution remote sensing coupled with micromorphology, while using appropriate local modern analogies, can help to locate and assess both the environmental effect and the antiquity of footpaths.
AB - The global distribution of footpaths and their inferred antiquity implies that they are widespread spatial and temporal anthropogenic landscape units. Arid environments are of special interest for investigating historically used footpaths, as older routes may preserve better due to minimal modern impact and slower pedogenic processes. Here we examine footpaths in the Judean Desert of the southern Levant, a human hotspot throughout the Holocene. We studied one modern and two archaeological footpaths (one attributed to the Early Bronze Age and one to the Roman period) using micromorphology, bulk samples laboratory analysis, and remote sensing. Field observations and color analysis indicate that footpaths in the studied arid limestone environment can result in brighter surface color than their non-path surroundings. Similar color changes are reflected using both laboratory analysis and high-resolution remote sensing, where the difference is also significant. Microscopically, the footpaths studied tend to be less porous and with fewer biogenic activities when compared to their non-path controls. However, the two ancient footpaths studied do exhibit minimal indicators of biogenic activities that are not detectable in the modern footpath sample. Our study shows that high-resolution remote sensing coupled with micromorphology, while using appropriate local modern analogies, can help to locate and assess both the environmental effect and the antiquity of footpaths.
KW - Bronze Age
KW - Holocene
KW - Levant
KW - Roman
KW - albedo
KW - arid
KW - micromorphology
KW - surface
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85174596870&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/feart.2023.1148101
DO - 10.3389/feart.2023.1148101
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AN - SCOPUS:85174596870
SN - 2296-6463
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Earth Science
JF - Frontiers in Earth Science
M1 - 1148101
ER -