The functions of presentative constructions in Jewish Zakho Neo-Aramaic

This article describes several functions of presentative constructions in the Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho. Following a section introducing and discussing the forms, the presentative copula wēle (and in some cases the preverbal particle wal) is examined and found to have several functions: first, it serves as a concrete presentative and for an array of abstract presentative functions. Second, as wēle is first and foremost a copula, it is additionally found with different predicate types, most importantly in the formation of compound tenses, such as the present progressive and present perfect. Finally, in narrative it is also employed in circumstantial clauses.