TY - JOUR
T1 - The immunology of hepatocellular carcinoma review-article
AU - Ringelhan, Marc
AU - Pfister, Dominik
AU - O'Connor, Tracy
AU - Pikarsky, Eli
AU - Heikenwalder, Mathias
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s).
PY - 2018/3/1
Y1 - 2018/3/1
N2 - In contrast to most other malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for approximately 90% of primary liver cancers, arises almost exclusively in the setting of chronic inflammation. Irrespective of etiology, a typical sequence of chronic necroinflammation, compensatory liver regeneration, induction of liver fibrosis and subsequent cirrhosis often precedes hepatocarcinogenesis. The liver is a central immunomodulator that ensures organ and systemic protection while maintaining immunotolerance. Deregulation of this tightly controlled liver immunological network is a hallmark of chronic liver disease and HCC. Notably, immunotherapies have raised hope for the successful treatment of advanced HCC. Here we summarize the roles of specific immune cell subsets in chronic liver disease, with a focus on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and HCC. We review new advances in immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of HCC and discuss the challenges posed by the immunotolerant hepatic environment and the dual roles of adaptive and innate immune cells in HCC.
AB - In contrast to most other malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for approximately 90% of primary liver cancers, arises almost exclusively in the setting of chronic inflammation. Irrespective of etiology, a typical sequence of chronic necroinflammation, compensatory liver regeneration, induction of liver fibrosis and subsequent cirrhosis often precedes hepatocarcinogenesis. The liver is a central immunomodulator that ensures organ and systemic protection while maintaining immunotolerance. Deregulation of this tightly controlled liver immunological network is a hallmark of chronic liver disease and HCC. Notably, immunotherapies have raised hope for the successful treatment of advanced HCC. Here we summarize the roles of specific immune cell subsets in chronic liver disease, with a focus on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and HCC. We review new advances in immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of HCC and discuss the challenges posed by the immunotolerant hepatic environment and the dual roles of adaptive and innate immune cells in HCC.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85041118637&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41590-018-0044-z
DO - 10.1038/s41590-018-0044-z
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C2 - 29379119
AN - SCOPUS:85041118637
SN - 1529-2908
VL - 19
SP - 222
EP - 232
JO - Nature Immunology
JF - Nature Immunology
IS - 3
ER -