The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae

Paolo A. Mazzali; Stefano Valenti; Massimo Della Valle; Guido Chincarini; Daniel N. Sauer; Stefano Benetti; Elena Pian; Tsvi Piran; Valerio D'Elia; Nancy Elias-Rosa; Raffaella Margutti; Francesco Pasotti; L. Angelo Antonelli; Filomena Bufano; Sergio Campana; Enrico Cappellaro; Stefano Covino; Paolo D'Avanzo; Fabrizio Fiore; Dino Fugazza; Roberto Gilmozzi; Deborah Hunter; Kate Maguire; Elisabetta Maiorano; Paola Marziani; Nicola Masetti; Felix Mirabel; Hripsime Navasardyan; Ken'ichi Nomoto; Eliana Palazzi; Andrea Pastorello; Nino Panagia; L. J. Pellizza; Re'em Sari; Stephen Smartt; Gianpiero Tagliaferri; Masaomi Tanaka; Stefan Taubenberger; Nozomu Tominaga; Carrie Trundle; Massimo Turatto

doi:10.1126/science.1158088

The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae

Paolo A. Mazzali, Stefano Valenti, Massimo Della Valle, Guido Chincarini, Daniel N. Sauer, Stefano Benetti, Elena Pian, Tsvi Piran, Valerio D'Elia, Nancy Elias-Rosa, Raffaella Margutti, Francesco Pasotti, L. Angelo Antonelli, Filomena Bufano, Sergio Campana, Enrico Cappellaro, Stefano Covino, Paolo D'Avanzo, Fabrizio Fiore, Dino FugazzaRoberto Gilmozzi, Deborah Hunter, Kate Maguire, Elisabetta Maiorano, Paola Marziani, Nicola Masetti, Felix Mirabel, Hripsime Navasardyan, Ken'ichi Nomoto, Eliana Palazzi, Andrea Pastorello, Nino Panagia, L. J. Pellizza, Re'em Sari, Stephen Smartt, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Masaomi Tanaka, Stefan Taubenberger, Nozomu Tominaga, Carrie Trundle, Massimo Turatto

Racah Institute of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

196 Scopus citations

Abstract

The only supernovae (SNe) to show gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or early x-ray emission thus far are overenergetic, broad-lined type Ic SNe (hypernovae, HNe). Recently, SN 2008D has shown several unusual features: (i) weak x-ray flash (XRF), (ii) an early, narrow optical peak, (iii) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SN Ic HNe, and (iv) development of helium lines as in SNe Ib. Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal supernova: Its explosion energy (E ≈ 6 × 10⁵¹ erg) and ejected mass [∼7 times the mass of the Sun (M_{Fish eye})] are intermediate between normal SNe Ibc and HNe. We conclude that SN 2008D was originally a ∼30 M _{Fish eye} star. When it collapsed, a black hole formed and a weak, mildly relativistic jet was produced, which caused the XRF. SN 2008D is probably among the weakest explosions that produce relativistic jets. Inner engine activity appears to be present whenever massive stars collapse to black holes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1185-1188
Number of pages	4
Journal	Science
Volume	321
Issue number	5893
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158088
State	Published - 29 Aug 2008

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Mazzali, P. A., Valenti, S., Della Valle, M., Chincarini, G., Sauer, D. N., Benetti, S., Pian, E., Piran, T., D'Elia, V., Elias-Rosa, N., Margutti, R., Pasotti, F., Antonelli, L. A., Bufano, F., Campana, S., Cappellaro, E., Covino, S., D'Avanzo, P., Fiore, F., ... Turatto, M. (2008). The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae. Science, 321(5893), 1185-1188. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158088

@article{1b5ed686bc494e4aad1bf7d9a3ad2bdf,

title = "The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae",

abstract = "The only supernovae (SNe) to show gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or early x-ray emission thus far are overenergetic, broad-lined type Ic SNe (hypernovae, HNe). Recently, SN 2008D has shown several unusual features: (i) weak x-ray flash (XRF), (ii) an early, narrow optical peak, (iii) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SN Ic HNe, and (iv) development of helium lines as in SNe Ib. Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal supernova: Its explosion energy (E ≈ 6 × 1051 erg) and ejected mass [∼7 times the mass of the Sun (MFish eye)] are intermediate between normal SNe Ibc and HNe. We conclude that SN 2008D was originally a ∼30 M Fish eye star. When it collapsed, a black hole formed and a weak, mildly relativistic jet was produced, which caused the XRF. SN 2008D is probably among the weakest explosions that produce relativistic jets. Inner engine activity appears to be present whenever massive stars collapse to black holes.",

author = "Mazzali, {Paolo A.} and Stefano Valenti and {Della Valle}, Massimo and Guido Chincarini and Sauer, {Daniel N.} and Stefano Benetti and Elena Pian and Tsvi Piran and Valerio D'Elia and Nancy Elias-Rosa and Raffaella Margutti and Francesco Pasotti and Antonelli, {L. Angelo} and Filomena Bufano and Sergio Campana and Enrico Cappellaro and Stefano Covino and Paolo D'Avanzo and Fabrizio Fiore and Dino Fugazza and Roberto Gilmozzi and Deborah Hunter and Kate Maguire and Elisabetta Maiorano and Paola Marziani and Nicola Masetti and Felix Mirabel and Hripsime Navasardyan and Ken'ichi Nomoto and Eliana Palazzi and Andrea Pastorello and Nino Panagia and Pellizza, {L. J.} and Re'em Sari and Stephen Smartt and Gianpiero Tagliaferri and Masaomi Tanaka and Stefan Taubenberger and Nozomu Tominaga and Carrie Trundle and Massimo Turatto",

year = "2008",

month = aug,

day = "29",

doi = "10.1126/science.1158088",

language = "אנגלית",

volume = "321",

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issn = "0036-8075",

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Mazzali, PA, Valenti, S, Della Valle, M, Chincarini, G, Sauer, DN, Benetti, S, Pian, E, Piran, T, D'Elia, V, Elias-Rosa, N, Margutti, R, Pasotti, F, Antonelli, LA, Bufano, F, Campana, S, Cappellaro, E, Covino, S, D'Avanzo, P, Fiore, F, Fugazza, D, Gilmozzi, R, Hunter, D, Maguire, K, Maiorano, E, Marziani, P, Masetti, N, Mirabel, F, Navasardyan, H, Nomoto, K, Palazzi, E, Pastorello, A, Panagia, N, Pellizza, LJ, Sari, R, Smartt, S, Tagliaferri, G, Tanaka, M, Taubenberger, S, Tominaga, N, Trundle, C & Turatto, M 2008, 'The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae', Science, vol. 321, no. 5893, pp. 1185-1188. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158088

TY - JOUR

T1 - The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109

T2 - A link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae

AU - Mazzali, Paolo A.

AU - Valenti, Stefano

AU - Della Valle, Massimo

AU - Chincarini, Guido

AU - Sauer, Daniel N.

AU - Benetti, Stefano

AU - Pian, Elena

AU - Piran, Tsvi

AU - D'Elia, Valerio

AU - Elias-Rosa, Nancy

AU - Margutti, Raffaella

AU - Pasotti, Francesco

AU - Antonelli, L. Angelo

AU - Bufano, Filomena

AU - Campana, Sergio

AU - Cappellaro, Enrico

AU - Covino, Stefano

AU - D'Avanzo, Paolo

AU - Fiore, Fabrizio

AU - Fugazza, Dino

AU - Gilmozzi, Roberto

AU - Hunter, Deborah

AU - Maguire, Kate

AU - Maiorano, Elisabetta

AU - Marziani, Paola

AU - Masetti, Nicola

AU - Mirabel, Felix

AU - Navasardyan, Hripsime

AU - Nomoto, Ken'ichi

AU - Palazzi, Eliana

AU - Pastorello, Andrea

AU - Panagia, Nino

AU - Pellizza, L. J.

AU - Sari, Re'em

AU - Smartt, Stephen

AU - Tagliaferri, Gianpiero

AU - Tanaka, Masaomi

AU - Taubenberger, Stefan

AU - Tominaga, Nozomu

AU - Trundle, Carrie

AU - Turatto, Massimo

PY - 2008/8/29

Y1 - 2008/8/29

N2 - The only supernovae (SNe) to show gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or early x-ray emission thus far are overenergetic, broad-lined type Ic SNe (hypernovae, HNe). Recently, SN 2008D has shown several unusual features: (i) weak x-ray flash (XRF), (ii) an early, narrow optical peak, (iii) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SN Ic HNe, and (iv) development of helium lines as in SNe Ib. Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal supernova: Its explosion energy (E ≈ 6 × 1051 erg) and ejected mass [∼7 times the mass of the Sun (MFish eye)] are intermediate between normal SNe Ibc and HNe. We conclude that SN 2008D was originally a ∼30 M Fish eye star. When it collapsed, a black hole formed and a weak, mildly relativistic jet was produced, which caused the XRF. SN 2008D is probably among the weakest explosions that produce relativistic jets. Inner engine activity appears to be present whenever massive stars collapse to black holes.

AB - The only supernovae (SNe) to show gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or early x-ray emission thus far are overenergetic, broad-lined type Ic SNe (hypernovae, HNe). Recently, SN 2008D has shown several unusual features: (i) weak x-ray flash (XRF), (ii) an early, narrow optical peak, (iii) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SN Ic HNe, and (iv) development of helium lines as in SNe Ib. Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal supernova: Its explosion energy (E ≈ 6 × 1051 erg) and ejected mass [∼7 times the mass of the Sun (MFish eye)] are intermediate between normal SNe Ibc and HNe. We conclude that SN 2008D was originally a ∼30 M Fish eye star. When it collapsed, a black hole formed and a weak, mildly relativistic jet was produced, which caused the XRF. SN 2008D is probably among the weakest explosions that produce relativistic jets. Inner engine activity appears to be present whenever massive stars collapse to black holes.

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U2 - 10.1126/science.1158088

DO - 10.1126/science.1158088

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SN - 0036-8075

VL - 321

SP - 1185

EP - 1188

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 5893

ER -

The metamorphosis of supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A link between supernovae and GRBs/hypernovae

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