The prodrome of autism: Early behavioral and biological signs, regression, peri- and post-natal development and genetics

Nurit Yirmiya*, Tony Charman

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

167 Scopus citations

Abstract

Autism is one of the most heritable neurodevelopmental conditions and has an early onset, with symptoms being required to be present in the first 3 years of life in order to meet criteria for the 'core' disorder in the classification systems. As such, the focus on identifying a prodrome over the past 20 years has been on pre-clinical signs or indicators that will be present very early in life, certainly in infancy. A number of novel lines of investigation have been used to this end, including retrospective coding of home videos, prospective population screening and 'high risk' sibling studies; as well as the investigation of pre- and peri-natal, brain developmental and other biological factors. While no single prodromal sign is expected to be present in all cases, a picture is emerging of indicative prodromal signs in infancy and initial studies are being undertaken to attempt to ameliorate early presentation and even 'prevent' emergence of the full syndrome.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)432-458
Number of pages27
JournalJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
Volume51
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2010

Keywords

  • Autism spectrum disorders
  • Brain development
  • Diagnosis
  • Early markers
  • Genetics
  • Perinatal development
  • Siblings

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