The self-generation mechanism of a laboratory scale saturated solar pond

Laboratory simulation systems of saturated solar ponds using potash alum solutions were operated; the insulated columns 100 cm deep were heated at the bottom by heat exchangers with varying energy output. Self-generation of layered structure from homogeneous solution was observed. The temperature, density and supersaturation gradients, and the disappearance of convective waves indicated the relative stability of the layered structure. Attaining supersaturation of the surface zone, massive crystallization, and buildup of density gradient, which follows the temperature gradient, are the necessary conditions for the self-generation and self-maintenance of the laboratory pond.