TY - JOUR
T1 - The Utility of a Continuous Performance Test Embedded in Virtual Reality in Measuring ADHD-Related Deficits
AU - Pollak, Yehuda
AU - Weiss, Patricia L.
AU - Rizzo, Albert A.
AU - Weizer, Merav
AU - Shriki, Liron
AU - Shalev, Ruth S.
AU - Gross-Tsur, Varda
PY - 2009/2
Y1 - 2009/2
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Continuous performance tasks (CPT) are popular in the diagnostic process of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), providing an objective measure of attention for a disorder with otherwise subjective criteria. Aims of the study were to: (1) compare the performance of children with ADHD on a CPT embedded within a virtual reality classroom (VR-CPT) to the currently used Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) CPT, and (2) assess how the VR environment is experienced. METHODS: Thirty-seven boys, 9 to 17 years, with (n = 20) and without ADHD (n = 17) underwent 3 CPT's: VR-CPT, the same CPT without VR (No VR-CPT) and the TOVA. Immediately following CPT, subjects described their subjective experiences on the Short Feedback Questionnaire. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. RESULTS: Children with ADHD performed poorer on all CPT's. The VR-CPT showed similar effect sizes to the TOVA. Subjective feelings of enjoyment were most positive for VR-CPT. CONCLUSION: The VR-CPT is a sensitive and user-friendly assessment tool to aid diagnosis in ADHD.
AB - OBJECTIVE: Continuous performance tasks (CPT) are popular in the diagnostic process of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), providing an objective measure of attention for a disorder with otherwise subjective criteria. Aims of the study were to: (1) compare the performance of children with ADHD on a CPT embedded within a virtual reality classroom (VR-CPT) to the currently used Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) CPT, and (2) assess how the VR environment is experienced. METHODS: Thirty-seven boys, 9 to 17 years, with (n = 20) and without ADHD (n = 17) underwent 3 CPT's: VR-CPT, the same CPT without VR (No VR-CPT) and the TOVA. Immediately following CPT, subjects described their subjective experiences on the Short Feedback Questionnaire. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. RESULTS: Children with ADHD performed poorer on all CPT's. The VR-CPT showed similar effect sizes to the TOVA. Subjective feelings of enjoyment were most positive for VR-CPT. CONCLUSION: The VR-CPT is a sensitive and user-friendly assessment tool to aid diagnosis in ADHD.
KW - Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
KW - Continuous performance task (CPT)
KW - Methylphenidate (MPH)
KW - Virtual reality (VR)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=64349085410&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181969b22
DO - 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181969b22
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C2 - 19194324
AN - SCOPUS:64349085410
SN - 0196-206X
VL - 30
SP - 2
EP - 6
JO - Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
JF - Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
IS - 1
ER -