TY - JOUR
T1 - The what, when, where, and how of visual word recognition
AU - Carreiras, Manuel
AU - Armstrong, Blair C.
AU - Perea, Manuel
AU - Frost, Ram
PY - 2014/2
Y1 - 2014/2
N2 - A long-standing debate in reading research is whether printed words are perceived in a feedforward manner on the basis of orthographic information, with other representations such as semantics and phonology activated subsequently, or whether the system is fully interactive and feedback from these representations shapes early visual word recognition. We review recent evidence from behavioral, functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and biologically plausible connectionist modeling approaches, focusing on how each approach provides insight into the temporal flow of information in the lexical system. We conclude that, consistent with interactive accounts, higher-order linguistic representations modulate early orthographic processing. We also discuss how biologically plausible interactive frameworks and coordinated empirical and computational work can advance theories of visual word recognition and other domains (e.g., object recognition).
AB - A long-standing debate in reading research is whether printed words are perceived in a feedforward manner on the basis of orthographic information, with other representations such as semantics and phonology activated subsequently, or whether the system is fully interactive and feedback from these representations shapes early visual word recognition. We review recent evidence from behavioral, functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and biologically plausible connectionist modeling approaches, focusing on how each approach provides insight into the temporal flow of information in the lexical system. We conclude that, consistent with interactive accounts, higher-order linguistic representations modulate early orthographic processing. We also discuss how biologically plausible interactive frameworks and coordinated empirical and computational work can advance theories of visual word recognition and other domains (e.g., object recognition).
KW - Computational modeling
KW - Feedback versus feedforward information
KW - Neural connectivity
KW - Orthographic processing
KW - Visual word form area
KW - Visual word recognition
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84892972925&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.tics.2013.11.005
DO - 10.1016/j.tics.2013.11.005
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C2 - 24373885
AN - SCOPUS:84892972925
SN - 1364-6613
VL - 18
SP - 90
EP - 98
JO - Trends in Cognitive Sciences
JF - Trends in Cognitive Sciences
IS - 2
ER -