TY - JOUR
T1 - Toward a Theory of the Universal Content and Structure of Values
T2 - Extensions and Cross-Cultural Replications
AU - Schwartz, Shalom H.
AU - Bilsky, Wolfgang
PY - 1990/5
Y1 - 1990/5
N2 - The universality of Schwartz and Bilsky's (1987) theory of the psychological content and structure of human values was examined with data from Australia, Finland, Hong Kong, Spain, and the United States. Smallest space analyses of the importance ratings that individuals assigned to values revealed the same 7 distinct motivational types of values in each sample as had emerged earlier in samples from Germany and Israel: achievement, enjoyment, maturity, prosocial, restrictive conformity, security, self-direction. Social power, studied only in Hong Kong, also emerged. The structural relations among the value types suggest that the motivational dynamics underlying people's value priorities are similar across the societies studied, with an exception in Hong Kong. The interests that values serve (individual vs. collective) and their goal type (instrumental vs. terminal) also distinguish values in all samples.
AB - The universality of Schwartz and Bilsky's (1987) theory of the psychological content and structure of human values was examined with data from Australia, Finland, Hong Kong, Spain, and the United States. Smallest space analyses of the importance ratings that individuals assigned to values revealed the same 7 distinct motivational types of values in each sample as had emerged earlier in samples from Germany and Israel: achievement, enjoyment, maturity, prosocial, restrictive conformity, security, self-direction. Social power, studied only in Hong Kong, also emerged. The structural relations among the value types suggest that the motivational dynamics underlying people's value priorities are similar across the societies studied, with an exception in Hong Kong. The interests that values serve (individual vs. collective) and their goal type (instrumental vs. terminal) also distinguish values in all samples.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=39749157245&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.878
DO - 10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.878
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AN - SCOPUS:39749157245
SN - 0022-3514
VL - 58
SP - 878
EP - 891
JO - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
JF - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
IS - 5
ER -