Abstract
The Kubo-Greenwood (KG) formula is often used in conjunction with Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT) to compute the optical conductivity, particularly for warm dense matter. For applying the KG formula, all KS eigenstates and eigenvalues up to an energy cutoff are required and thus the approach becomes expensive, especially for high temperatures and large systems, scaling cubically with both system size and temperature. Here, we develop an approach to calculate the KS conductivity within the stochastic DFT framework, which requires knowledge only of the KS Hamiltonian but not its eigenstates and values. We show that the computational effort associated with the method scales linearly with system size and reduces in proportion to the temperature, unlike the cubic increase with traditional deterministic approaches. In addition, we find that the method allows an accurate description of the entire spectrum, including the high-frequency range, unlike the deterministic method which is compelled to introduce a high-frequency cutoff due to memory and computational time constraints. We apply the method to helium-hydrogen mixtures in the warm dense matter regime at temperatures of ∼60kK and find that the system displays two conductivity phases, where a transition from nonmetal to metal occurs when hydrogen atoms constitute ∼0.3 of the total atoms in the system.
Original language | American English |
---|---|
Article number | 195101 |
Journal | Physical Review B |
Volume | 100 |
Issue number | 19 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Nov 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:R.B. acknowledges US-Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant No. BSF-2018368. R.R. thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for support within the FOR 2440. M.P. thanks the North German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN) and the ITMZ of the University of Rostock for support. D.N. and E.R. are grateful for support by the Center for Computational Study of Excited State Phenomena in Energy Materials (C2SEPEM) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231 as part of the Computational Materials Sciences Program.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Physical Society.