Abstract
The human APOBEC3G (A3G) is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication and its activity is suppressed by HIV-1 virion infectivity factor (Vif). Vif neutralizes A3G mainly by inducing its degradation in the proteasome and blocking its incorporation into HIV-1 virions. Assessing the time needed for A3G incorporation into virions is, therefore, important to determine how quickly Vif must act to induce its degradation. We show that modelling the intracellular half-life of A3G can induce its Vif-independent targeting to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. By using various amino acids (X) in a cleavable ubiquitin-X-A3G fusion, we demonstrate that the half-life (t1/2) of X-A3G can be manipulated. We show that A3G molecules with a half-life of 13 min are incorporated into virions, whereas those with a half-life shorter than 5 min were not. The amount of X-A3G incorporated into virions increases from 13 min (Phe-A3G) to 85 min (Asn-A3G) and remains constant after this time period. Interestingly, despite the presence of similar levels of Arg-A3G (t1/2 = 28 min) and Asp-A3G (t1/2 = 65 min) into HIV-1 Δvif virions, inhibition of viral infectivity was only evident in the presence of A3G proteins with a longer half-life (t1/2 ≥ 65 min).
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 286-294 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Virology |
Volume | 393 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 25 Oct 2009 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We greatly appreciate the gift of pcDNA3.1-APOBEC3G-HA (A3G) by Dr. Strebel K., and pEGFP⁎IRES-Ub-X vector, kindly supplied by Dr. Mark A. Muesing. The work was supported by FCT grant POCI/BIA-MIC/60038/2004.
Keywords
- APOBEC3G
- HIV-1Vif
- N-end rule
- Ubiquitin