Unique membrane properties and enhanced signal processing in human neocortical neurons

Guy Eyal, Matthijs B. Verhoog, Guilherme Testa-Silva, Yair Deitcher, Johannes C. Lodder, Ruth Benavides-Piccione, Juan Morales, Javier Defelipe, Christiaan P.J. de Kock, Huibert D. Mansvelder, Idan Segev*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

123 Scopus citations

Abstract

The advanced cognitive capabilities of the human brain are often attributed to our recently evolved neocortex. However, it is not known whether the basic building blocks of the human neocortex, the pyramidal neurons, possess unique biophysical properties that might impact on cortical computations. Here we show that layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons from human temporal cortex (HL2/3 PCs) have a specific membrane capacitance (Cm) of ~0.5 μF/cm2, half of the commonly accepted’universal’ value (~1 μF/cm2) for biological membranes. This finding was predicted by fitting in vitro voltage transients to theoretical transients then validated by direct measurement of Cm in nucleated patch experiments. Models of 3D reconstructed HL2/3 PCs demonstrated that such low Cm value significantly enhances both synaptic charge-transfer from dendrites to soma and spike propagation along the axon. This is the first demonstration that human cortical neurons have distinctive membrane properties, suggesting important implications for signal processing in human neocortex.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere16553
JournaleLife
Volume5
Issue numberOCTOBER2016
DOIs
StatePublished - 6 Oct 2016

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