Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians

Eppie R. Jones; Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes; Sarah Connell; Veronika Siska; Anders Eriksson; Rui Martiniano; Russell L. McLaughlin; Marcos Gallego Llorente; Lara M. Cassidy; Cristina Gamba; Tengiz Meshveliani; Ofer Bar-Yosef; Werner Müller; Anna Belfer-Cohen; Zinovi Matskevich; Nino Jakeli; Thomas F.G. Higham; Mathias Currat; David Lordkipanidze; Michael Hofreiter; Andrea Manica; Ron Pinhasi; Daniel G. Bradley

doi:10.1038/ncomms9912

Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians

Eppie R. Jones, Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes, Sarah Connell, Veronika Siska, Anders Eriksson, Rui Martiniano, Russell L. McLaughlin, Marcos Gallego Llorente, Lara M. Cassidy, Cristina Gamba, Tengiz Meshveliani, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Werner Müller, Anna Belfer-Cohen, Zinovi Matskevich, Nino Jakeli, Thomas F.G. Higham, Mathias Currat, David Lordkipanidze, Michael HofreiterAndrea Manica^*, Ron Pinhasi, Daniel G. Bradley

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Archaeology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

299 Scopus citations

Abstract

We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers -1/445 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers -1/425 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe -1/43,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.

Original language	English
Article number	8912
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9912
State	Published - 16 Nov 2015

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Jones, E. R., Gonzalez-Fortes, G., Connell, S., Siska, V., Eriksson, A., Martiniano, R., McLaughlin, R. L., Gallego Llorente, M., Cassidy, L. M., Gamba, C., Meshveliani, T., Bar-Yosef, O., Müller, W., Belfer-Cohen, A., Matskevich, Z., Jakeli, N., Higham, T. F. G., Currat, M., Lordkipanidze, D., ... Bradley, D. G. (2015). Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians. Nature Communications, 6, Article 8912. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9912

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title = "Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians",

abstract = "We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers -1/445 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers -1/425 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe -1/43,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.",

author = "Jones, {Eppie R.} and Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes and Sarah Connell and Veronika Siska and Anders Eriksson and Rui Martiniano and McLaughlin, {Russell L.} and {Gallego Llorente}, Marcos and Cassidy, {Lara M.} and Cristina Gamba and Tengiz Meshveliani and Ofer Bar-Yosef and Werner M{\"u}ller and Anna Belfer-Cohen and Zinovi Matskevich and Nino Jakeli and Higham, {Thomas F.G.} and Mathias Currat and David Lordkipanidze and Michael Hofreiter and Andrea Manica and Ron Pinhasi and Bradley, {Daniel G.}",

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Jones, ER, Gonzalez-Fortes, G, Connell, S, Siska, V, Eriksson, A, Martiniano, R, McLaughlin, RL, Gallego Llorente, M, Cassidy, LM, Gamba, C, Meshveliani, T, Bar-Yosef, O, Müller, W, Belfer-Cohen, A, Matskevich, Z, Jakeli, N, Higham, TFG, Currat, M, Lordkipanidze, D, Hofreiter, M, Manica, A, Pinhasi, R & Bradley, DG 2015, 'Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians', Nature Communications, vol. 6, 8912. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9912

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AU - Jones, Eppie R.

AU - Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria

AU - Connell, Sarah

AU - Siska, Veronika

AU - Eriksson, Anders

AU - Martiniano, Rui

AU - McLaughlin, Russell L.

AU - Gallego Llorente, Marcos

AU - Cassidy, Lara M.

AU - Gamba, Cristina

AU - Meshveliani, Tengiz

AU - Bar-Yosef, Ofer

AU - Müller, Werner

AU - Belfer-Cohen, Anna

AU - Matskevich, Zinovi

AU - Jakeli, Nino

AU - Higham, Thomas F.G.

AU - Currat, Mathias

AU - Lordkipanidze, David

AU - Hofreiter, Michael

AU - Manica, Andrea

AU - Pinhasi, Ron

AU - Bradley, Daniel G.

PY - 2015/11/16

Y1 - 2015/11/16

N2 - We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers -1/445 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers -1/425 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe -1/43,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.

AB - We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic-Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers -1/445 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers -1/425 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe -1/43,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.

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VL - 6

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

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ER -

Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

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