Ureteral obstruction in dogs and cats

Ureteral obstructions in dogs and cats have been recognized as a common cause of acute uremia. The diagnosis and management of this disorder is challenging, often necessitating special diagnostic and treatment modalities as well as special surgical skills. Recently, with the development of interventional radiology in veterinary medicine, minimal invasive treatment options emerged for dogs and cats with ureteral obstruction. This review provides medical and surgical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dogs and cats with ureteral obstruction, and introduces new therapeutic options such as interventional radiology and endoscopy.