TY - JOUR
T1 - Utilization of polyethylene sleeves with forced aeration for composting of broiler carcasses on mass depopulation events
T2 - Laboratory-scale simulations and sensitivity analyses
AU - Avidov, Ran
AU - Lublin, Avishai
AU - Sudharsan Varma, Vempalli
AU - Saadi, Ibrahim
AU - Yoselewitz, Israel
AU - Chen, Yona
AU - Laor, Yael
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - Composting poultry carcasses and the infected litter is considered feasible during mass depopulation events in response to disease outbreaks. We demonstrate the effect of temperature (40, 50, 60 °C) and aerobic/anaerobic conditions on the degradation of broiler carcasses and broiler litter (BL) and the elimination of pre-inoculated Avian flu and Newcastle viruses and Salmonella Infantis (3.3 × 105.6 EID50, 7 × 106.0 EID50 and 2 × 107 CFU g-dry matter (DM)−1, respectively). Six broiler carcasses and BL were inoculated and treated with a water-based foam, simulating a common culling method. After 30 days of composting, both viruses were eliminated under all conditions, while Salmonella persisted at 40 °C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (7.4 × 105 and 4.4 × 103 CFU g-DM−1, respectively). Mass losses were 42–44, 24–26, and 18–22% (aerobic) and 18–27, 21–23, and 0–7% (anaerobic) at 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. In the end, the associated odors were not typical of carcasses (aerobic), or they were strong and offensive (anaerobic). Considering the observed mass losses and biomass water holding capacity, we present a sensitivity analysis of the water balance expected in composting sleeves if they are utilized on mass depopulation events. Composting of the carcasses and the BL in enclosed sleeves with forced aeration, following culling by means of water-based foam will generate excess water, depending on sleeve volumes, aeration conditions, and co-addition of absorbing materials like sawdust. No excessive moisture is expected if dry culling methods are used.
AB - Composting poultry carcasses and the infected litter is considered feasible during mass depopulation events in response to disease outbreaks. We demonstrate the effect of temperature (40, 50, 60 °C) and aerobic/anaerobic conditions on the degradation of broiler carcasses and broiler litter (BL) and the elimination of pre-inoculated Avian flu and Newcastle viruses and Salmonella Infantis (3.3 × 105.6 EID50, 7 × 106.0 EID50 and 2 × 107 CFU g-dry matter (DM)−1, respectively). Six broiler carcasses and BL were inoculated and treated with a water-based foam, simulating a common culling method. After 30 days of composting, both viruses were eliminated under all conditions, while Salmonella persisted at 40 °C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (7.4 × 105 and 4.4 × 103 CFU g-DM−1, respectively). Mass losses were 42–44, 24–26, and 18–22% (aerobic) and 18–27, 21–23, and 0–7% (anaerobic) at 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. In the end, the associated odors were not typical of carcasses (aerobic), or they were strong and offensive (anaerobic). Considering the observed mass losses and biomass water holding capacity, we present a sensitivity analysis of the water balance expected in composting sleeves if they are utilized on mass depopulation events. Composting of the carcasses and the BL in enclosed sleeves with forced aeration, following culling by means of water-based foam will generate excess water, depending on sleeve volumes, aeration conditions, and co-addition of absorbing materials like sawdust. No excessive moisture is expected if dry culling methods are used.
KW - Avian influenza (Avian flu)
KW - Broiler litter (BL)
KW - Culling
KW - Euthanasia
KW - Foam
KW - Mass mortality
KW - Newcastle
KW - Salmonella infantis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141491353&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.019
DO - 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.019
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C2 - 36368260
AN - SCOPUS:85141491353
SN - 0956-053X
VL - 155
SP - 107
EP - 117
JO - Waste Management
JF - Waste Management
ER -