Value hierarchies across cultures: Taking a similarities perspective

Shalom H. Schwartz*, Anat Bardi

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1173 Scopus citations

Abstract

Beyond the striking differences in the value priorities of groups is a surprisingly widespread consensus regarding the hierarchical order of values. Average value hierarchies of representative and near representative samples from 13 nations exhibit a similar pattern that replicates with school teachers in 56 nations and college students in 54 nations. Benevolence, self-direction, and universalism values are consistently most important; power, tradition, and stimulation values are least important; and security, conformity, achievement, and hedonism are in between. Value hierarchies of 83% of samples correlate at least .80 with this pan-cultural hierarchy. To explain the pan-cultural hierarchy, the authors discuss its adaptive functions in meeting the requirements of successful societal functioning. The authors demonstrate, with data from Singapore and the United States, that correctly interpreting the value hierarchies of groups requires comparison with the pan-cultural normative baseline.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)268-290
Number of pages23
JournalJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Volume32
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2001

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