TY - JOUR
T1 - Venom trade-off shapes interspecific interactions, physiology, and reproduction
AU - Surm, Joachim M.
AU - Birch, Sydney
AU - Macrander, Jason
AU - Jaimes-Becerra, Adrian
AU - Fridrich, Arie
AU - Aharoni, Reuven
AU - Rozenblat, Rotem
AU - Sharabany, Julia
AU - Appelbaum, Lior
AU - Reitzel, Adam M.
AU - Moran, Yehu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2024 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).
PY - 2024/3/15
Y1 - 2024/3/15
N2 - The ability of an animal to effectively capture prey and defend against predators is pivotal for survival. Venom is often a mixture of many components including toxin proteins that shape predator-prey interactions. Here, we used the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis to test the impact of toxin genotypes on predator-prey interactions. We developed a genetic manipulation technique to demonstrate that both transgenically deficient and a native Nematostella strain lacking a major neurotoxin (Nv1) have a reduced ability to defend themselves against grass shrimp, a native predator. In addition, secreted Nv1 can act indirectly in defense by attracting mummichog fish, which prey on grass shrimp. Here, we provide evidence at the molecular level of an animal-specific tritrophic interaction between a prey, its antagonist, and a predator. Last, this study reveals an evolutionary trade-off, as the reduction of Nv1 levels allows for faster growth and increased reproductive rates.
AB - The ability of an animal to effectively capture prey and defend against predators is pivotal for survival. Venom is often a mixture of many components including toxin proteins that shape predator-prey interactions. Here, we used the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis to test the impact of toxin genotypes on predator-prey interactions. We developed a genetic manipulation technique to demonstrate that both transgenically deficient and a native Nematostella strain lacking a major neurotoxin (Nv1) have a reduced ability to defend themselves against grass shrimp, a native predator. In addition, secreted Nv1 can act indirectly in defense by attracting mummichog fish, which prey on grass shrimp. Here, we provide evidence at the molecular level of an animal-specific tritrophic interaction between a prey, its antagonist, and a predator. Last, this study reveals an evolutionary trade-off, as the reduction of Nv1 levels allows for faster growth and increased reproductive rates.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85187759743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1126/sciadv.adk3870
DO - 10.1126/sciadv.adk3870
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C2 - 38478603
AN - SCOPUS:85187759743
SN - 2375-2548
VL - 10
JO - Science advances
JF - Science advances
IS - 11
M1 - eadk3870
ER -