Viral and Microbial Pathogens, Indicator Microorganisms, Microbial Source Tracking Indicators, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Confined Managed Effluent Recharge System

R. Elkayam; A. Aharoni; D. Vaizel-Ohayon; O. Sued; Y. Katz; I. Negev; R. B.M. Marano; E. Cytryn; L. Shtrasler; O. Lev

doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001334

Viral and Microbial Pathogens, Indicator Microorganisms, Microbial Source Tracking Indicators, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Confined Managed Effluent Recharge System

R. Elkayam^*, A. Aharoni, D. Vaizel-Ohayon, O. Sued, Y. Katz, I. Negev, R. B.M. Marano, E. Cytryn, L. Shtrasler, O. Lev

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

A large-scale comprehensive survey of indicator bacteria, pathogen viruses, coliphages, microbial source tracking (MST) indicators, and antibiotic resistance genes was carried out in the Shafdan soil aquifer treatment (SAT) of the Tel Aviv, Israel area. The study reveals complete elimination of pathogen viruses - enterovirus, adenovirus, norovirus, parechovirus, and coliphage - and of the bacterial indicators total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococcus, and microbial source tracking (MST) Bacteroides already in the vadose zone below the percolation basins. Trace levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected in the recovery wells, but these were also detected in wells not impacted by effluent, suggesting that these genes are associated with native aquifer bacterial communities. This is the first comprehensive survey describing four types of microbial indicators - bacteria, pathogenic viruses, coliphages, and MST - for SAT research, and the first to address the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in SAT systems. The results should provide guidance to regulatory agencies regarding the attainable efficiency of optimally designed and operated SAT systems and the monitoring point locations. Most of the pathogen removal occurs in the vadose zone underneath the basins, which can be monitored more rapidly than the water quality in the recovery wells.

Original language	American English
Article number	05017011
Journal	Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE
Volume	144
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001334
State	Published - 1 Mar 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge Mekorot Ltd. for funding the research; the authors also thank the Israeli Ministry of Health for the professional work and support. Roberto B.M. Marano acknowledges the ANSWER project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 675530. Part of the work presented in this paper is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 675530

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Keywords

Effluent disinfection
Effluent polishing
Managed artificial recharge (MAR)
Reclaimed water
Soil aquifer treatment (SAT)
Wastewater reuse

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10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001334

Cite this

Elkayam, R., Aharoni, A., Vaizel-Ohayon, D., Sued, O., Katz, Y., Negev, I., Marano, R. B. M., Cytryn, E., Shtrasler, L., & Lev, O. (2018). Viral and Microbial Pathogens, Indicator Microorganisms, Microbial Source Tracking Indicators, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Confined Managed Effluent Recharge System. Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 144(3), Article 05017011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001334

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abstract = "A large-scale comprehensive survey of indicator bacteria, pathogen viruses, coliphages, microbial source tracking (MST) indicators, and antibiotic resistance genes was carried out in the Shafdan soil aquifer treatment (SAT) of the Tel Aviv, Israel area. The study reveals complete elimination of pathogen viruses - enterovirus, adenovirus, norovirus, parechovirus, and coliphage - and of the bacterial indicators total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococcus, and microbial source tracking (MST) Bacteroides already in the vadose zone below the percolation basins. Trace levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected in the recovery wells, but these were also detected in wells not impacted by effluent, suggesting that these genes are associated with native aquifer bacterial communities. This is the first comprehensive survey describing four types of microbial indicators - bacteria, pathogenic viruses, coliphages, and MST - for SAT research, and the first to address the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in SAT systems. The results should provide guidance to regulatory agencies regarding the attainable efficiency of optimally designed and operated SAT systems and the monitoring point locations. Most of the pathogen removal occurs in the vadose zone underneath the basins, which can be monitored more rapidly than the water quality in the recovery wells.",

keywords = "Effluent disinfection, Effluent polishing, Managed artificial recharge (MAR), Reclaimed water, Soil aquifer treatment (SAT), Wastewater reuse",

author = "R. Elkayam and A. Aharoni and D. Vaizel-Ohayon and O. Sued and Y. Katz and I. Negev and Marano, {R. B.M.} and E. Cytryn and L. Shtrasler and O. Lev",

note = "Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Mekorot Ltd. for funding the research; the authors also thank the Israeli Ministry of Health for the professional work and support. Roberto B.M. Marano acknowledges the ANSWER project, which has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Grant No. 675530. Part of the work presented in this paper is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Grant No. 675530 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.",

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Elkayam, R, Aharoni, A, Vaizel-Ohayon, D, Sued, O, Katz, Y, Negev, I, Marano, RBM, Cytryn, E, Shtrasler, L & Lev, O 2018, 'Viral and Microbial Pathogens, Indicator Microorganisms, Microbial Source Tracking Indicators, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Confined Managed Effluent Recharge System', Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, vol. 144, no. 3, 05017011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001334

Viral and Microbial Pathogens, Indicator Microorganisms, Microbial Source Tracking Indicators, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Confined Managed Effluent Recharge System. / Elkayam, R.; Aharoni, A.; Vaizel-Ohayon, D. et al.
In: Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 144, No. 3, 05017011, 01.03.2018.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Vaizel-Ohayon, D.

AU - Sued, O.

AU - Katz, Y.

AU - Negev, I.

AU - Marano, R. B.M.

AU - Cytryn, E.

AU - Shtrasler, L.

AU - Lev, O.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Mekorot Ltd. for funding the research; the authors also thank the Israeli Ministry of Health for the professional work and support. Roberto B.M. Marano acknowledges the ANSWER project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 675530. Part of the work presented in this paper is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 675530 Publisher Copyright: © 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.

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KW - Effluent disinfection

KW - Effluent polishing

KW - Managed artificial recharge (MAR)

KW - Reclaimed water

KW - Soil aquifer treatment (SAT)

KW - Wastewater reuse

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DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001334

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ER -

Viral and Microbial Pathogens, Indicator Microorganisms, Microbial Source Tracking Indicators, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Confined Managed Effluent Recharge System

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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