TY - JOUR
T1 - Viral and Microbial Pathogens, Indicator Microorganisms, Microbial Source Tracking Indicators, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Confined Managed Effluent Recharge System
AU - Elkayam, R.
AU - Aharoni, A.
AU - Vaizel-Ohayon, D.
AU - Sued, O.
AU - Katz, Y.
AU - Negev, I.
AU - Marano, R. B.M.
AU - Cytryn, E.
AU - Shtrasler, L.
AU - Lev, O.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
PY - 2018/3/1
Y1 - 2018/3/1
N2 - A large-scale comprehensive survey of indicator bacteria, pathogen viruses, coliphages, microbial source tracking (MST) indicators, and antibiotic resistance genes was carried out in the Shafdan soil aquifer treatment (SAT) of the Tel Aviv, Israel area. The study reveals complete elimination of pathogen viruses - enterovirus, adenovirus, norovirus, parechovirus, and coliphage - and of the bacterial indicators total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococcus, and microbial source tracking (MST) Bacteroides already in the vadose zone below the percolation basins. Trace levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected in the recovery wells, but these were also detected in wells not impacted by effluent, suggesting that these genes are associated with native aquifer bacterial communities. This is the first comprehensive survey describing four types of microbial indicators - bacteria, pathogenic viruses, coliphages, and MST - for SAT research, and the first to address the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in SAT systems. The results should provide guidance to regulatory agencies regarding the attainable efficiency of optimally designed and operated SAT systems and the monitoring point locations. Most of the pathogen removal occurs in the vadose zone underneath the basins, which can be monitored more rapidly than the water quality in the recovery wells.
AB - A large-scale comprehensive survey of indicator bacteria, pathogen viruses, coliphages, microbial source tracking (MST) indicators, and antibiotic resistance genes was carried out in the Shafdan soil aquifer treatment (SAT) of the Tel Aviv, Israel area. The study reveals complete elimination of pathogen viruses - enterovirus, adenovirus, norovirus, parechovirus, and coliphage - and of the bacterial indicators total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococcus, and microbial source tracking (MST) Bacteroides already in the vadose zone below the percolation basins. Trace levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected in the recovery wells, but these were also detected in wells not impacted by effluent, suggesting that these genes are associated with native aquifer bacterial communities. This is the first comprehensive survey describing four types of microbial indicators - bacteria, pathogenic viruses, coliphages, and MST - for SAT research, and the first to address the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in SAT systems. The results should provide guidance to regulatory agencies regarding the attainable efficiency of optimally designed and operated SAT systems and the monitoring point locations. Most of the pathogen removal occurs in the vadose zone underneath the basins, which can be monitored more rapidly than the water quality in the recovery wells.
KW - Effluent disinfection
KW - Effluent polishing
KW - Managed artificial recharge (MAR)
KW - Reclaimed water
KW - Soil aquifer treatment (SAT)
KW - Wastewater reuse
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85039043372&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001334
DO - 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001334
M3 - ???researchoutput.researchoutputtypes.contributiontojournal.article???
AN - SCOPUS:85039043372
SN - 0733-9372
VL - 144
JO - Journal of Environmental Engineering (United States)
JF - Journal of Environmental Engineering (United States)
IS - 3
M1 - 05017011
ER -
