TY - JOUR
T1 - Visa waivers, multilateral resistance and international tourism
T2 - some evidence from Israel
AU - Beenstock, Michael
AU - Felsenstein, Daniel
AU - Rubin, Ziv
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2015/11/1
Y1 - 2015/11/1
N2 - This paper tests the visa-led tourism hypothesis which contends that easing of visa restrictions increases international tourism. Israel acts as a natural laboratory in this case with clear before and after junctures in visa restrictions. We use panel data on tourism to Israel from 60 countries during 1994–2012. In contrast to previous work we take account of nonstationarity in the data and test for the effect of multilateral resistance on tourism. Partial waivers of visa restrictions are estimated to increase tourism by 48 % and complete waivers increase tourism by 118 %. Other results include the adverse effect of Israel’s security situation on tourism, the beneficial effect of real devaluation on tourism, and the fact that the elasticity of tourism to Israel with respect to tourism to all destinations is very small.
AB - This paper tests the visa-led tourism hypothesis which contends that easing of visa restrictions increases international tourism. Israel acts as a natural laboratory in this case with clear before and after junctures in visa restrictions. We use panel data on tourism to Israel from 60 countries during 1994–2012. In contrast to previous work we take account of nonstationarity in the data and test for the effect of multilateral resistance on tourism. Partial waivers of visa restrictions are estimated to increase tourism by 48 % and complete waivers increase tourism by 118 %. Other results include the adverse effect of Israel’s security situation on tourism, the beneficial effect of real devaluation on tourism, and the fact that the elasticity of tourism to Israel with respect to tourism to all destinations is very small.
KW - International tourism
KW - Multilateral resistance
KW - Security
KW - Visa arrangements
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84947485713&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12076-015-0137-3
DO - 10.1007/s12076-015-0137-3
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AN - SCOPUS:84947485713
SN - 1864-4031
VL - 8
SP - 357
EP - 371
JO - Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
JF - Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
IS - 3
ER -