“Who are the Aṣḥāb al-Ukhdūd? Q 85:4‒10 in Near Eastern Context

This article seeks to contribute to our understanding of a short Qurānic passage, Q 85:4-10, which concerns the fate of the enigmatic A⋅ḣāb al-Ukhdūd. It is argued that the eschatological and historical readings of this passage, which have generally been taken to be mutually exclusive options for its interpretation, are both indispensable for a full contextualization of the verses in question. Furthermore, regarding the historical reading of the passage, it is argued that the verses refer to the events recorded in Daniel 3, rather than to the Martyrs of Najrān episode that most exegetes (and many modern scholars) opt for. Finally, a new etymology for the word Ukhdūd is proposed.